Дерево с кровью дракона
Драконово дерево — реликтовое вечнозеленое тропическое растение. По свидетельствам некоторых ученых, оно способно жить до 6000 лет и более. Самому старшему из обнаруженных экземпляров около 3000 лет.
Стволы драцен поднимаются в высоту до 20–25 м. Имея способность к вторичному приросту в ширину, они периодически утолщаются. Диаметр нижней части взрослых деревьев может превышать 4 м. Поверхность стволов бугорчатая, как будто состоит из многочисленных вертикальных складок, покрыта серовато-коричневой корой. При надрезе драцены выделяют прозрачный смолистый сок, который через несколько секунд становится ярко-красным. Это происходит из-за окисления на воздухе содержащихся в нем пигментов: дракокармина и дракорубина. Сок вырабатывается деревьями старше нескольких сотен лет. До этого возраста драцена считается молодой.
Корневая система разветвленная, корни распространяются далеко вширь вблизи поверхностного слоя почвы. Древесина растения пористая, без годичных колец, со временем во многих старых деревьях образуются огромные полости.
Ветвление стволов происходит на высоте нескольких метров. Многочисленные толстые побеги поднимаются вверх, увенчиваются густой шапкой из жестких мечевидных листьев темно-зеленого или сизоватого цвета. Длина пластинок составляет около 40–50 см, ширина — 2–3 см. Поверхность кожистая, блестящая, разделена продольными жилками. Благодаря жесткости и острым верхушкам листья напоминают гигантскую хвою. На ветвях они расположены густыми пучками, острия устремлены вверх. Облиственные побеги образуют широкие зонтичные кроны правильной округлой формы. Но любоваться ими можно лишь с большой высоты. Взрослое дерево издалека похоже на гигантский гриб с толстой корявой ножкой и пластинчатой мохнатой шляпкой.
Цветут драцены редко. Бутоны довольно крупные, белого или лилового оттенка, обоеполые, собраны в соцветия по 4–6 штук.

На родине дерева о его происхождении существует несколько легенд. По одной из них, драцена появилась на свет после гибели могучего древнего дракона. Эти огромные мудрые существа обладали волшебной кровью, позволявшей жить несколько тысяч лет. Она избавляла от всех болезней, моментально излечивала раны. Люди стали убивать драконов, но добытое таким образом чудодейственное средство сразу теряло силу. Кровь последнего тяжелораненого дракона была впитана землей. На этом месте выросли деревья. Их стволы вобрали в себя кровь. Это позволило, наконец, людям воспользоваться тем даром жизни, за которым они долго охотились.
Капли сока, выделяющиеся при повреждении стволов, настолько пугающе похожи на кровь, что в Средневековье эти деревья всерьез считали полуживотными
Впервые драконово дерево было обнаружено европейскими путешественниками на островах Сокотра и Тенерифе в начале 15 века. Аборигены считали их священными. Несколько видов драцены обитают в тропическом поясе, саваннах Африканского континента, Юго-Восточной Азии, центральной части Южной Америки.



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